Differentiating At-fault and No-fault Accidents
Posted on 17. Feb, 2010 by Admin in Uncategorized
In most car accident cases, liability—or the share of it between the parties involved—is determined according to state laws. All U.S. states have adopted one of two types of liability laws: at-fault and no-fault. These laws help juries and insurance companies mete out responsibility for the accident and thus determine who pays for the damages.
No-fault systems
Under a no-fault law, every party is considered liable for the losses they incur and thus do not have the right to sue. The cause or contributing causes are not taken into account; the approach is meant to “make whole” the people who have suffered from the accident. Since liability does not need to be determined in a no-fault system, the states that have adopted it tend to have fewer lawsuits relating to car accidents.
Some no-fault states have “threshold” laws that limit how much a person can be self-insured for. For many, this is simply a dollar amount—for example, the no-fault law does not apply if the damage exceeds $10,000. Other states set verbal or conditional limits, such as the level of injury or the violation of driving laws. If the person suffers serious personal injury as a result of the accident, or if the crash involved a drunk or unlicensed driver, the no-fault law may also be waived.
In some no-fault systems, the persons involved have the right to sue, but their insurance companies are responsible for recovering their losses. Other states allow the victims (or their insurance providers) to choose between an at-fault or no-fault approach.
At-fault systems
States that have adopted the at-fault or tort-based system will take steps to determine who is at fault for the accident, and to what degree they are held liable. Except in “pure fault” states, where one person takes all liability and pays all the damages, liability is often attributed to more than one party. This means that one vehicle owner may be held 80% at fault for the crash, while the other is 20% responsible. The degree of fault is determined through investigation and negotiation and is assigned by an insurance adjuster.
This article is not meant as legal advice.
Additional Legal Resource: Texas Attorney Kris Barber, The Barber Law Firm. Serving clients in the Greater Dallas area.
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